Kuwerengera mtengo wamagawo achitsulozimasinthasintha ndipo zimadalira zojambula zenizeni. Si lamulo losasinthika. Muyenera kumvetsetsa njira zosiyanasiyana zokonzera zigawo za chitsulo. Kawirikawiri, mtengo wa chinthucho = ndalama zolipirira + ndalama zolipirira kukonza + (ndalama zolipirira pamwamba) + misonkho yosiyanasiyana + phindu. Ngati chitsulocho chikufuna nkhungu, ndalama zolipirira nkhungu zidzawonjezedwa.
Ndalama zolipirira nkhungu (yerekezani chiwerengero chochepa cha malo ofunikira pakuumba kutengera njira yopangira zitsulo, siteshoni imodzi = seti imodzi ya nkhungu)
1. Mu nkhungu, njira zosiyanasiyana zochizira pamwamba pa zinthu zimasankhidwa malinga ndi cholinga cha nkhungu: kukula kwa makina opangira, kuchuluka kwa makina opangira, zofunikira zolondola, ndi zina zotero;
2. Zipangizo (malinga ndi mtengo wolembedwa, samalani ngati ndi chitsulo chapadera komanso ngati chikufunika kutumizidwa kunja);
3. Kunyamula katundu (ndalama zambiri zoyendera ndi zitsulo zamalaya);
4. Misonkho;
5. 15 ~ 20% ndalama zoyendetsera ndi zogulitsa;
Mtengo wonse wa zinthu wamba zogwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zitsulo nthawi zambiri ndi = ndalama zolipirira zinthu + ndalama zolipirira kukonza + zinthu zokhazikika + zokongoletsa pamwamba + phindu, ndalama zolipirira oyang'anira + msonkho.
Pokonza magulu ang'onoang'ono popanda kugwiritsa ntchito nkhungu, nthawi zambiri timawerengera kulemera konse kwa chinthucho * (1.2~1.3) = kulemera konse, ndikuwerengera mtengo wa chinthucho kutengera kulemera konse * mtengo wa unit wa chinthucho; mtengo wokonza = (1~1.5) * mtengo wa chinthucho; mtengo wokongoletsa electroplating Kawirikawiri, amawerengedwa kutengera kulemera konse kwa ziwalozo. Kodi kilogalamu imodzi ya ziwalo imadula ndalama zingati? Kodi mita imodzi ya sikweya imadula ndalama zingati? Mwachitsanzo, nickel plating imawerengedwa kutengera 8~10/kg, ndalama zolipirira zinthu + ndalama zolipirira kukonza + muyezo wokhazikika. Zigawo + kukongoletsa pamwamba = mtengo, phindu nthawi zambiri lingasankhidwe ngati mtengo * (15%~20%); msonkho = (mtengo + phindu, ndalama zoyendetsera) * 0.17. Pali cholembedwa pa kuyerekezera uku: ndalama zolipirira zinthuzo siziyenera kuphatikizapo msonkho.
Pamene kupanga zinthu zambiri kumafuna kugwiritsa ntchito nkhungu, mtengo wake nthawi zambiri umagawidwa m'magulu a nkhungu ndi magawo. Ngati nkhungu zikugwiritsidwa ntchito, mtengo wokonza zinthu ukhoza kukhala wotsika, ndipo phindu lonse liyenera kutsimikiziridwa ndi kuchuluka kwa kupanga. Mtengo wa zipangizo zopangira mu fakitale yathu nthawi zambiri umakhala wofanana ndi zinthu zonse kupatula kuchuluka kwa momwe zinthuzo zimagwiritsidwira ntchito. Chifukwa padzakhala mavuto ndi zinthu zotsala zomwe sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito panthawi yochotsa zinthu.kupanga zitsulo zamapepalaZina mwa izo zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito tsopano, koma zina zitha kugulitsidwa ngati zinthu zakale zokha.
Kupanga zitsulo za pepala Kapangidwe ka mtengo wa zitsulo nthawi zambiri kamagawidwa m'magawo otsatirawa:
1. Mtengo wa zinthu
Mtengo wa zinthu umatanthauza mtengo wa zinthu zonse malinga ndi zofunikira zojambula = voliyumu ya zinthu * kuchuluka kwa zinthu * mtengo wa unit ya zinthu.
2. Mtengo wa zida zokhazikika
Imatanthauza mtengo wa zigawo zokhazikika zomwe zimafunidwa ndi zojambulazo.
3. Ndalama zolipirira kukonza
Imafotokoza za ndalama zogwirira ntchito zomwe zimafunika pa njira iliyonse yogwirira ntchito. Kuti mudziwe zambiri za kapangidwe ka njira iliyonse, chonde onani "Mtundu wa Akaunti ya Ndalama" ndi "Table ya Kupangira Ndalama ya Njira Iliyonse". Zigawo zazikulu za mtengo wa njira tsopano zalembedwa kuti zifotokozedwe.
1) Kuchotsa zinthu zobisika za CNC
Kapangidwe ka mtengo wake = kuchepa kwa mtengo wa zida ndi kubweza ndalama + mtengo wa antchito + zida zothandizira ndi kubweza mtengo wa zida ndi kubweza ndalama:
Kutsika kwa mtengo wa zida kumawerengedwa kutengera zaka 5, ndipo chaka chilichonse chimalembedwa ngati miyezi 12, masiku 22 pamwezi, ndi maola 8 patsiku.
Mwachitsanzo: pa yuan 2 miliyoni ya zida, kuchepa kwa mtengo wa zida pa ola = 200*10000/5/12/22/8=189.4 yuan/ola
Mtengo wa antchito:
CNC iliyonse imafuna akatswiri atatu kuti agwire ntchito. Malipiro apakati pamwezi a katswiri aliyense ndi 1,800 yuan. Amagwira ntchito masiku 22 pamwezi, maola 8 patsiku, ndiko kuti, mtengo wa ola limodzi = 1,800*3/22/8=31 yuan/ola. Mtengo wa zipangizo zothandizira: umatanthauza Zipangizo zothandizira monga mafuta ndi zakumwa zosasunthika zomwe zimafunika kuti zipangizo zigwire ntchito zimawononga pafupifupi 1,000 yuan pamwezi pa chipangizo chilichonse. Kutengera masiku 22 pamwezi ndi maola 8 patsiku, mtengo wa ola limodzi = 1,000/22/8 = 5.68 yuan/ola.
1) Kupindika
Kapangidwe ka mtengo wake = kuchepa kwa mtengo wa zida ndi kubweza ndalama + mtengo wa antchito + zida zothandizira ndi kubweza mtengo wa zida ndi kubweza ndalama:
Kutsika kwa mtengo wa zida kumawerengedwa kutengera zaka 5, ndipo chaka chilichonse chimalembedwa ngati miyezi 12, masiku 22 pamwezi, ndi maola 8 patsiku.
Mwachitsanzo: pa zida zokwana RMB 500,000, kuchepa kwa mtengo wa zida pamphindi = 50*10000/5/12/22/8/60=0.79 yuan/mphindi. Nthawi zambiri zimatenga masekondi 10 mpaka masekondi 100 kuti zipinde m'mphepete umodzi, kotero zidazo zimatsika mtengo pa chida chilichonse chopindika. = 0.13-1.3 yuan/mpeni. Mtengo wa antchito:
Chida chilichonse chimafuna katswiri m'modzi kuti agwire ntchito. Malipiro apakati pamwezi a katswiri aliyense ndi 1,800 yuan. Amagwira ntchito masiku 22 pamwezi, maola 8 patsiku, ndiko kuti, mtengo pa mphindi ndi 1,800/22/8/60=0.17 yuan/mphindi, ndipo mtengo wapakati pa mphindi ndi 1,800 yuan/mwezi. Chimatha kupanga ma bend 1-2, kotero: mtengo wa antchito pa bend = 0.08-0.17 yuan/mpeni mtengo wa zipangizo zothandizira:
Mtengo wa mwezi uliwonse wa zipangizo zothandizira pa makina aliwonse opindika ndi 600 yuan. Kutengera masiku 22 pamwezi ndi maola 8 patsiku, mtengo wa ola limodzi = 600/22/8/60=0.06 yuan/mpeni
1) Chithandizo cha pamwamba
Ndalama zopopera kuchokera kunja zimapangidwa ndi mtengo wogulira (monga electroplating, oxidation):
Ndalama zopopera = ndalama zolipirira zinthu za ufa + ndalama zolipirira antchito + ndalama zothandizira + kuchepa kwa mtengo wa zida
Ndalama zolipirira ufa: Njira yowerengera nthawi zambiri imadalira masikweya mita. Mtengo wa kilogalamu iliyonse ya ufa umayambira pa 25-60 yuan (makamaka wokhudzana ndi zosowa za makasitomala). Kilogalamu iliyonse ya ufa nthawi zambiri imatha kupopera 4-5 masikweya mita. Ndalama zolipirira ufa = 6-15 yuan/mita sikweya mita.
Mtengo wa ogwira ntchito: Pali anthu 15 pamzere wopopera, munthu aliyense amalipiritsa 1,200 yuan pamwezi, masiku 22 pamwezi, maola 8 patsiku, ndipo amatha kupopera 30 masikweya mita pa ola limodzi. Mtengo wa ogwira ntchito = 15 * 1200 / 22/ 8/ 30 = 3.4 yuan / mita sikweya
Ndalama zothandizira: makamaka zimatanthauza mtengo wa madzi oyeretsera ndi mafuta omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu uvuni woyeretsera. Ndi ma yuan 50,000 pamwezi. Zimatengera masiku 22 pamwezi, maola 8 patsiku, ndi kupopera 30 sikweya mita pa ola limodzi.
Ndalama zothandizira = 9.47 yuan/mita imodzi
Kuchepa kwa mtengo wa zida: Ndalama zomwe zayikidwa mu mzere wopopera ndi 1 miliyoni, ndipo kuchepa kwa mtengo kumadalira zaka 5. Ndi Disembala chaka chilichonse, masiku 22 pamwezi, maola 8 patsiku, ndipo imapopera 30 masikweya mita pa ola limodzi. Mtengo wa kuchepa kwa mtengo wa zida = 100*10000/5/12/22/8/30 = 3.16 yuan/mita sikweya. Mtengo wonse wopopera = 22-32 yuan/mita sikweya. Ngati kupopera pang'ono kukufunika, mtengo wake udzakhala wokwera.
4.Ndalama zolipirira phukusi
Kutengera ndi chinthucho, zofunikira pakulongedza ndi zosiyana ndipo mtengo wake ndi wosiyana, nthawi zambiri ndi 20-30 yuan/kiyubiki mita.
5. Ndalama zoyendetsera mayendedwe
Ndalama zotumizira zimawerengedwa mu malonda.
6. Ndalama zoyendetsera ntchito
Ndalama zoyendetsera ntchito zili ndi magawo awiri: lendi ya fakitale, madzi ndi magetsi ndi ndalama zolipirira. Lendi ya fakitale, madzi ndi magetsi:
Lendi ya mwezi uliwonse ya fakitale ya madzi ndi magetsi ndi 150,000 yuan, ndipo mtengo wa mwezi uliwonse wa lendi ya madzi ndi magetsi umawerengedwa ngati 4 miliyoni. Gawo la lendi ya fakitale ya madzi ndi magetsi pamtengo wotuluka ndi = 15/400=3.75%. Ndalama zolipirira:
Chifukwa cha kusiyana pakati pa nthawi yolandira ndalama ndi nthawi yolipira (timagula zinthu ndi ndalama ndipo makasitomala amalipira mwezi uliwonse mkati mwa masiku 60), tifunika kusunga ndalamazo kwa miyezi itatu, ndipo chiwongola dzanja cha banki ndi 1.25-1.5%.
Chifukwa chake: ndalama zoyendetsera ziyenera kukhala pafupifupi 5% ya mtengo wonse wogulitsa.
7. Phindu
Poganizira za chitukuko cha kampani kwa nthawi yayitali komanso utumiki wabwino kwa makasitomala, phindu lathu ndi 10%-15%.
Nthawi yotumizira: Novembala-06-2023
