Ko te kaute utu ongā wāhanga pepa whakarewahe rerekē, ā, e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā tuhi motuhake. Ehara i te ture pumau. Me mārama koe ki ngā tikanga tukatuka wāhanga pepa whakarewa. I te nuinga o te wā, ko te utu o te hua = utu rauemi + utu tukatuka + (utu maimoatanga mata) + ngā taake rerekē + hua. Mena me hanga pokepoke te pepa whakarewa, ka tāpirihia he utu pokepoke.
Te utu pokepokea ai (whakatau tataitia te iti rawa o ngā teihana e hiahiatia ana mō te pokepokea ai i runga i te tikanga hanga pepa whakarewa, 1 teihana = 1 huinga pokepokea ai)
1. I roto i te pokepokea ai, ka tīpakohia ngā maimoatanga mata rauemi rerekē kia rite ki te kaupapa o te pokepokea ai: te rahi o te mīhini tukatuka, te rahinga tukatuka, ngā whakaritenga tika, me ētahi atu;
2. Ngā Rauemi (kia aro mai mēnā he momo maitai motuhake, me te mea me kawemai mai i tāwāhi, e ai ki te utu kua whakarārangihia);
3. Utauta (ngā utu kawe pepa whakarewa nui);
4. Ngā Taake;
5. 15~20% te utu whakahaere me te utu hua hoko;
Ko te utu katoa mō te tukatuka i ngā wāhanga pepa whakarewa noa ko = utu rauemi + utu tukatuka + wāhanga paerewa pumau + whakapaipai mata + hua, utu whakahaere + reiti taake.
I te tukatuka i ngā puranga iti me te kore e whakamahi i ngā pokepokea, ka tatauhia e mātou te taumaha kupenga o te rauemi * (1.2~1.3) = taumaha katoa, ā, ka tatauhia te utu rauemi i runga i te taumaha katoa * te utu kotahi o te rauemi; te utu tukatuka = (1~1.5) * te utu rauemi; te utu whakapaipai te whakakikorua hiko. I te nuinga o te wā, ka tatauhia i runga i te taumaha kupenga o ngā wāhanga. E hia te utu mō te kotahi kirokaramu o ngā wāhanga? E hia te utu mō te kotahi mita tapawha o te rehu? Hei tauira, ka tatauhia te whakakikorua nikara i runga i te 8~10/kg, te utu rauemi + te utu tukatuka + te paerewa pumau. Ngā wāhanga + te whakapaipai mata = te utu, ko te hua ka taea te whiriwhiri hei utu * (15%~20%); te reiti taake = (utu + hua, utu whakahaere) * 0.17. He tuhipoka kei runga i tēnei whakatau tata: kaua te taake e uru ki te utu rauemi.
Ina hiahiatia he pokepokea ai mō te hanga papatipu, ka wehea te utu ki ngā utu pokepokea ai me ngā utu wāhanga. Mena ka whakamahia he pokepokea ai, tera pea he iti te utu tukatuka wāhanga, ā, me whakamana te hua katoa e te rahinga whakaputa. Ko te utu o ngā rauemi mata i roto i tā mātou wheketere ko te rauemi kupenga me te reiti whakamahinga rauemi. Nā te mea ka raru pea ngā rauemi toenga kāore e taea te whakamahi i te wā o te tukanga whakakorenga ote hanga pepa whakarewaKa taea te whakamahi i ētahi o ēnei ināianei, engari ko ētahi ka taea anake te hoko hei para.
Te hanga pepa whakarewa Ko te hanganga utu mō ngā wāhanga whakarewa ka wehea kia whai ake nei:
1. Te utu rauemi
Ko te utu rauemi e pā ana ki te utu kupenga mō ngā rauemi e ai ki ngā whakaritenga tuhi = te rahinga rauemi * te mātotoru rauemi * te utu mō ia rauemi.
2. Te utu mō ngā wāhanga paerewa
E pā ana ki te utu o ngā wāhanga paerewa e hiahiatia ana e ngā tuhi.
3. Ngā utu tukatuka
E pā ana ki ngā utu tukatuka e hiahiatia ana mō ia tukanga e hiahiatia ana hei tukatuka i te hua. Mō ētahi atu kōrero mō te hanganga o ia tukanga, tirohia te "Hōputu Kaute Utu" me te "Ripanga Hanganga Utu o ia Tukanga". Kua whakarārangihia ngā wāhanga matua o te utu tukanga hei whakamārama.
1) Te whakakorenga CNC
Te hanganga utu = te whakahekenga uara me te whakahekenga utu mō ngā taputapu + te utu mahi + ngā rauemi āwhina me te whakahekenga uara me te whakahekenga utu mō ngā taputapu:
Ka tatauhia te hekenga uara o ngā taputapu i runga i te 5 tau, ā, ka tuhia ia tau hei 12 marama, 22 rā ia marama, me te 8 hāora ia rā.
Hei tauira: mō te 2 miriona yuan o ngā taputapu, ko te whakahekenga uara o ngā taputapu ia hāora = 200*10000/5/12/22/8=189.4 yuan/hāora
Te utu mahi:
E toru ngā tohunga hangarau e hiahiatia ana mō ia CNC hei whakahaere. Ko te utu toharite mō ia tohunga hangarau he 1,800 yuan. E 22 ngā rā mahi i te marama, 8 hāora i te rā, arā, ko te utu mō ia hāora = 1,800*3/22/8=31 yuan/hāora. Ko te utu mō ngā rauemi āwhina: e pā ana ki te 1,000 yuan ia marama te utu mō ia taputapu. I runga i te 22 ngā rā ia marama me te 8 hāora ia rā, ko te utu mō ia hāora = 1,000/22/8 = 5.68 yuan/hāora.
1) Piko
Te hanganga utu = te whakahekenga uara me te whakahekenga utu mō ngā taputapu + te utu mahi + ngā rauemi āwhina me te whakahekenga uara me te whakahekenga utu mō ngā taputapu:
Ka tatauhia te hekenga uara o ngā taputapu i runga i te 5 tau, ā, ka tuhia ia tau hei 12 marama, 22 rā ia marama, me te 8 hāora ia rā.
Hei tauira: mō ngā taputapu e 500,000 te uara, ko te hekenga uara o ngā taputapu ia meneti = 50*10000/5/12/22/8/60=0.79 yuan/meneti. E 10 hēkona ki te 100 hēkona te roa hei piko i te piko kotahi, nō reira ka heke te uara o ngā taputapu mō ia taputapu piko. =0.13-1.3 yuan/maripi. Te utu mahi:
Kotahi te tohunga hangarau e hiahiatia ana hei whakahaere i ia taputapu. Ko te utu toharite mō ia tohunga hangarau he 1,800 yuan. E 22 ngā rā o te marama e mahi ana ia, e 8 hāora ia rā, arā, ko te utu mō ia meneti he 1,800/22/8/60=0.17 yuan/meneti, ā, ko te utu toharite mō ia meneti he 1,800 yuan/marama. Ka taea te mahi i te 1-2 piko, nō reira: ko te utu mahi mō ia piko = 0.08-0.17 yuan/te utu maripi mō ngā rauemi āwhina:
Ko te utu ā-marama mō ngā rauemi āwhina mō ia mīhini piko he 600 yuan. I runga i ngā rā 22 o te marama me ngā hāora 8 o te rā, ko te utu ā-haora = 600/22/8/60=0.06 yuan/maripi.
1) Te maimoatanga mata
Ko ngā utu rehu i tukuna ki waho ka titoa ki te utu hoko (pēnei i te whakakikorua hiko, te waikura):
Utu rehu = utu rauemi paura + utu mahi + utu rauemi āwhina + utu whakahekenga uara taputapu
Te utu mō te paura: Ko te tikanga tatau e ahu mai ana i ngā mita pūrua. Ko te utu mō ia kirokaramu paura kei waenga i te 25-60 yuan (e pā ana ki ngā hiahia o te kiritaki). Ko ia kirokaramu paura ka taea te rehu ki te 4-5 mita pūrua. Ko te utu mō te paura = 6-15 yuan/mita pūrua
Te utu mahi: Tekau mā rima tāngata kei roto i te rārangi rehu, ko te utu mō ia tangata he 1,200 yuan/marama, 22 rā ia marama, 8 hāora ia rā, ā, ka taea te rehu i te 30 mita pūrua ia hāora. Te utu mahi=15*1200/22/8/30=3.4 yuan/mita pūrua
Te utu rauemi āwhina: e pā ana ki te utu o te wai me te wahie i mua i te maimoatanga e whakamahia ana i roto i te oumu whakamaroke. Ko te utu he 50,000 yuan ia marama. E hangai ana ki te 22 rā ia marama, 8 hāora ia rā, me te rehu 30 mita pūrua ia hāora.
Te utu mō ngā rauemi āwhina = 9.47 yuan/mita tapawha
Te whakahekenga uara o ngā taputapu: Ko te haumitanga ki te raina rehu he 1 miriona, ā, ko te whakahekenga uara e hangai ana ki te 5 tau. Ko Hakihea ia tau, 22 ngā rā o te marama, 8 hāora ia rā, ā, e 30 mita pūrua te rehu i te hāora. Ko te utu whakahekenga uara o ngā taputapu = 100*10000/5/12/22/8/30 = 3.16 yuan/mita pūrua. Ko te utu rehu katoa = 22-32 yuan/mita pūrua. Mena e hiahiatia ana he rehu tiaki wāhanga, ka nui ake te utu.
4.Utu tākai
He rerekē ngā whakaritenga mō te takai, he rerekē hoki te utu, ko te tikanga he 20-30 yuan/mita pūtoru.
5. Ngā utu whakahaere waka
Ka tātaihia ngā utu tuku ki roto i te hua.
6. Ngā whakapaunga whakahaere
E rua ngā wāhanga o ngā whakapaunga whakahaere: te reti wheketere, te wai me te hiko me ngā whakapaunga pūtea. Te reti wheketere, te wai me te hiko:
Ko te reti o te wheketere mō te wai me te hiko i ia marama he 150,000 yuan, ā, ko te uara putanga o ia marama ka tatauhia ko te 4 miriona. Ko te ōwehenga o te reti wheketere mō te wai me te hiko ki te uara putanga ko =15/400=3.75%. Ngā whakapaunga pūtea:
Nā te kore e ōrite i waenga i ngā huringa nama me ngā huringa utu (ka hokona e mātou ngā rauemi mā te moni, ā, ka utua e ngā kiritaki ia marama i roto i ngā rā 60), me pupuri e mātou ngā moni mō te iti rawa i te 3 marama, ā, ko te reiti huamoni peeke he 1.25-1.5%.
Nō reira: me tata ki te 5% o te utu hoko katoa ngā whakapaunga whakahaere.
7. Hua
I runga i te whanaketanga roa o te kamupene me te ratonga kiritaki pai ake, ko te hua ka puta ko te 10%-15%.
Wā tuku: Whiringa-ā-rangi-06-2023
