ʻO ka Luna Kiaʻi ʻIke ʻole ʻia: Pehea e pale ai nā mea hana o ke keʻena palekana kemika maʻamau i nā wahi hana

ʻO ka Luna Kiaʻi ʻIke ʻole ʻia: Pehea e pale ai nā mea hana o ke keʻena palekana kemika maʻamau i nā wahi hana
ʻO nā keʻena palekana kemika maʻamau—ʻo ke ʻano āu e huki pololei ai mai kahi papa lako ʻoihana—ua manaʻo pinepine ʻia he "lawa maikaʻi." He paʻa ko lākou ʻano, loaʻa iā lākou nā lepili ʻōlelo aʻo, a ke nānā nei lākou i kahi pahu ma kahi papa inoa hoʻokō. Akā ma nā wahi hana maoli, pinepine lākou e hāʻule i kahi mea nui loa: ka palekana maoli.
Ma kekahi keʻena hoʻokolohua kemika o ke kulanui, kahi keʻena i hana nui ʻia e mālama ana i ka waikawa sulfuric i hoʻohuihui ʻia. I ka wā i liki ai kahi pahu, ʻaʻohe mea e hoʻopaʻa ai i ka pahu. Ua kahe ka waikawa i lalo, ua hōʻino i nā pahu ʻē aʻe, ua kālai ʻia ka papahele sima, a ua koi ʻia kahi pani ʻana o ka hale hana no ʻelua hola. Mahalo, ʻaʻohe mea i ʻeha—akā ua maopopo ka leka. ʻAʻole he hopena palekana kēlā keʻena. He waihona wale nō ia me kahi sticker hoʻomaopopo. ʻAʻohe ona kikoʻī e pale ai i nā hanana mai ka lilo ʻana i mau pōʻino: ka hoʻomalu pono ʻana i ka ninini ʻana, ka ea no nā uahi ʻino, a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana no nā kemika kūpono ʻole.
He mea nui nā keʻena palekana kemika ma nā ʻano hoʻonohonoho like ʻole, me nā hale hana e mālama ana i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe ʻoihana, nā keʻena noiʻi kulanui e lawelawe ana i nā reagents, nā lumi ʻepekema kula e loaʻa ana ka ethanol, a me nā keʻena haukapila e lawelawe ana i nā mea weliweli. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia wahi kāna mau kaʻina hana ponoʻī i kēlā me kēia lā, nā hui kemika, a me nā kapu hoʻonohonoho. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻokipa ʻia kēia mau ʻoiaʻiʻo e kahi keʻena hoʻokahi-kūpono-āpau, ka mea e koi pinepine ai i nā limahana e pale i ke keʻena ma mua o ka pōmaikaʻi mai ia mea.

ʻOi aku ka hana a nā mea hana o nā keʻena palekana kemika maʻamau ma mua o ka hana wale ʻana i nā pā kila. Ma hope o ka noiʻi ʻana i ke ʻano o ke kanaka, nā palena o ka hakahaka, a me nā kemika, hana lākou i nā keʻena e hoʻohui pono i nā hana o kēlā me kēia lā. ʻOi aku kēia mau mea hana ma mua o nā mea hoʻolako i nā luna palekana a me nā luna hoʻokele hale; he mau hoa hana lākou i ka hoʻēmi ʻana i ka pilikia, e kōkua ana i ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā lula koi i ka palekana kūpono i ka hihia o kahi pilikia.

Nā Pōʻino Palekana Huna o nā Keʻena Hoʻokahi-Nui-Kūpono-āpau
Hoʻopilikia pinepine nā keʻena maʻamau i nā ʻano like ʻole - a ʻo kēlā mau hemahema i hōʻike pololei ʻia ʻo ia nā mea palekana nui loa.
ʻO ka pilikia mua, ʻo ia ka hakahaka. Hiki ke nānā maikaʻi ʻia kahi keʻena palekana maʻamau ʻehā kapuaʻi ka laulā ma ka pepa, akā i loko o kahi hale hana maoli, ʻaʻole ia e kūpono kokoke i ka laina hana. Ke hana ʻia kēlā, koi ʻia nā limahana e hele i nā wahi lōʻihi—i kekahi manawa ʻoi aku ma mua o 50 kapuaʻi—me ka hāpai ʻana i nā ipu solvent kaumaha. I ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, alakaʻi kēlā i ka luhi, nā pōkole, a me ka hoʻowalewale maoli e waiho i nā kemika i waho i ka pō "i kēia manawa wale nō." Hoʻomaka ka maʻalahi ma luna o ka palekana.
ʻO ka lua o ka pilikia, pehea e lawelawe ai kēia mau keʻena i nā kemika like ʻole. Hoʻohana ka nui o nā hiʻohiʻona generic i hoʻokahi ʻāpana hāmama, ʻo ia hoʻi nā mea lapalapa, nā mea ʻino, nā mea hoʻoheheʻe, a me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe e pau i ka kaʻana like ʻana i kahi like. Ma kahi lepili, hiki ke nānā aku ia me he waihona mālama kūpono lā, akā i ka hana maoli he mea weliweli ia. ʻO kahi leaka liʻiliʻi i pono ʻole e pōʻino hiki ke lilo koke i mea weliweli ahi a hoʻoulu paha i kahi hopena kemika weliweli.
ʻO ke kolu o ka hemahema, ʻo ia ka hoʻolālā e hoʻowahāwahā ana i ka poʻe e hoʻohana maoli ana i ke keʻena. Ma nā keʻena hoʻokolohua kula kiʻekiʻe, koi pinepine nā keʻena kiʻekiʻe i nā haumāna e piʻi ma luna o nā noho wale nō e hiki ai i nā kemika maʻamau. E hoʻohui i nā laka pale keiki i nalowale a i ʻole i hoʻolālā maikaʻi ʻole ʻia, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pilikia—ʻoiai ke puni nā haumāna ʻōpio a i ʻole nā ​​​​malihini.
ʻAʻole kēia he mau hemahema hoʻolālā liʻiliʻi. He mau hakahaka ia e hoʻohaʻahaʻa mālie ana i ka palekana i kēlā me kēia lā, e hoʻolilo ana i ka mālama mau ʻana i mea pilikia mau.

He aha ka mea e "mākaukau ai kahi keʻena palekana kemika maʻamau"?
ʻO ke kumu o nā keʻena palekana kemika maʻamau ʻo ia ka manaʻo pololei ʻaʻole pono ka palekana e koi iā ʻoe e hoʻololi i kāu mau ʻano hana. Hoʻomaka nā mea hana kiʻekiʻe ma ka hoʻolohe ʻana i nā hana maʻamau o kāu hui, kou wahi, a me kāu mau kemika ma mua o ka hoʻolālā ʻana i nā keʻena e hāʻawi i ka palekana me ka ʻole o ka hoʻopilikia ʻana. ʻO nā ʻano hiki ʻole ke kūkākūkā ʻia e hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou penei:
1. Mea i kūlike me kāu mau kemika:
ʻOiai ke ʻano paʻakikī o ke kila, ʻaʻole like ka manaʻo o nā kemika he nui. Hiki i nā mea ʻino ikaika e like me ka hydrochloric a i ʻole ka sulfuric acid ke hoʻopau mālie i ke kila maʻamau, i kekahi manawa i loko o kekahi mau mahina. ʻO ka mea e hoʻomaka ana ma ke ʻano he ʻino iki o ka ʻili e lilo i mau leaka, nā wahi nāwaliwali, a me nā keʻena palekana ʻole.
Hiki i nā mea hana o nā keʻena palekana ke kōkua maoli i kēia kūlana. Koho lākou i nā mea e like me nā kemika kikoʻī e paʻa ana ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka metala like no nā mea āpau. ʻO nā kemika hoʻomaʻemaʻe i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a me nā mea ʻinoʻino iki he kūpono no ke kila galvanized. Hāʻawi ke kila kila 316-grade i ke kū'ē nui ʻana i nā waikawa ʻino e like me ka waikawa nitric i nā hoʻonohonoho hale hana. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā keʻena polypropylene ke koho palekana loa no nā kemika e like me ka waikawa hydrofluoric e hōʻino loa i ka metala.
Ma ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā mea o ke keʻena me ke kemika i loko, ua hoʻopau nui ʻia ka pala. Ma nā keʻena hoʻokolohua he nui, ʻaʻohe popo o nā keʻena kila kila maʻamau no ʻelima mau makahiki a ʻoi aku paha, ʻoiai pono e hoʻololi pinepine ʻia nā keʻena kila maʻamau ma hope o hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha mau makahiki. ʻAʻole wale ia e pili ana i ka paʻa—e pili ana i ka pale ʻana i nā hemahema ma mua o ko lākou hiki ʻana mai.
2. Nā Hoʻolālā Keʻena Akamai e Hoʻonui i ka Palekana ma nā Wahi Kaupalena:
ʻO nā alaloa keʻena hoʻokolohua haiki, nā lumi lole mea kanu haʻahaʻa ke kaupaku, nā kihi ʻoluʻolu ʻole e pili ana i nā wahi hana, a me nā lumi kula me ka liʻiliʻi o ka paia he mau laʻana wale nō ia o nā ʻano like ʻole e hiki ai i nā wahi hana ke lawe. Hana nā mea hana maʻamau i nā ana pololei: hoʻohana nā keʻena kihi i nā wahi make ʻaʻole hiki i nā ʻāpana maʻamau ke hiki aku; kūpono nā keʻena lahilahi 24-ʻīniha ka laulā i nā ala liʻiliʻi o ka keʻena hoʻokolohua, a hoʻonui nā ʻāpana stackable i ka waihona me ka ʻole o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka wahi papahele. Kūpono nā keʻena maʻamau i ka wahi e like me ka hana ʻia ʻana no ia mea (no ka mea, pēlā lākou), no laila ʻaʻole pono kahi keʻena hoʻokolohua me kahi ākea 3 kapuaʻi ma waena o nā uhi fume e hoʻololi i kāna mau lako. Mālama ʻia nā kemika kokoke i kā lākou hoʻohana i manaʻo ʻia mahalo i kēia hoʻolālā mālama wahi, kahi e hōʻemi ai i ka lawe ʻana a me ka pilikia.

3. Ka Hoʻokaʻawale ʻana no ka Hoʻohālikelike Kemika;
Hiki ke lilo i mea pōʻino ke mālama pū ʻana i nā kemika kūpono ʻole no ka mea hiki i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe a me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe ke ahi, a hiki i nā mea lapalapa a me nā mea ʻino ke pane. Ua koi ʻia nā hui e uhaki i nā lula palekana e hoʻokomo i kā lākou mau kemika āpau no ka mea hoʻokahi wale nō keʻena nui o nā cabinets generic. ʻO nā keʻena ʻelua a ʻekolu paha me nā puka kaʻawale a me nā pā ninini ke ʻano o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana o nā mea hana maʻamau i kēia. Pono ʻo OSHA i nā mea pale ahi no nā keʻena lapalapa, nā uhi pale kemika no nā ʻāpana ʻino, a me nā puka i hoʻopaʻa ʻia no nā mea hoʻoheheʻe e pale aku i ka hui ʻana o ka mahu. ʻAʻole he hana nui hou ka mālama ʻana no ka mea hiki i nā limahana ke komo palekana i kēlā me kēia ʻano me ka ʻole o ka juggling ʻana i nā mea kūpono ʻole.

4. Ka Hoʻokō i Kūkulu ʻia:
He paʻakikī nā lula palekana kemika (OSHA ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, WHMIS ma Kanada), a hana pinepine nā keʻena maʻamau i nā hana pōkole e mālama i ke kālā. ʻO nā laʻana e komo pū me nā mea pale ahi i nalowale no nā mea lapalapa, nā pā ninini e hoʻopiha ana ma lalo o 10% o ke keʻena, a i ʻole ka lepili maopopo ʻole. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka mālama ʻana i kēlā me kēia ʻano e nā mea hana maʻamau: nā puka pani ponoʻī a me nā mea pale ahi i kauoha ʻia e OSHA, nā pā ninini e like me ka nui o ke keʻena, a me nā lepili "Corrosives" a i ʻole "Flammables" like. Ma ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā palapala hōʻoia no nā nānā ʻana, hoʻololi lākou i nā nānā hoʻoponopono mai nā kaʻina hana paʻakikī i nā hōʻailona wikiwiki. ʻO kahi nānā OSHA o kahi keʻena hoʻokolohua i hoʻohana i nā keʻena maʻamau i hala he ʻumi mau minuke; ʻike nā mea nānā i nā keʻena i lepili ʻia, hōʻoia i ka hōʻoia, a neʻe aku.

Nā Pōmaikaʻi o ka Hana ʻana me kahi Mea Hana Hale Palekana Kemika Maʻamau
ʻO ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi ʻano palekana a akamai hoʻi ka pahuhopu o ka hana pū ʻana me kahi mea hana o nā keʻena palekana kemika maʻamau, ʻaʻole wale ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi e mālama ai i nā kemika. ʻOiai hiki i nā keʻena generic ke "paʻa" i kāu mau kemika ma ke kumumanaʻo, ʻaʻole pinepine lākou e hana maikaʻi i nā noi hana. I ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, hana ʻia nā keʻena maʻamau e kūpono i kou wahi, e paʻa i nā kemika pololei āu e pono ai, a e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i nā hana o kēlā me kēia lā palekana a maʻalahi hoʻi.
Loaʻa iā lākou nā hiʻohiʻona i noʻonoʻo pono ʻia e like me nā pā ninini i kūkulu ʻia i loko, nā ʻōnaehana hoʻoulu ea e hoʻohui maʻalahi me kāu hoʻonohonoho lab, a me nā ʻāpana hoʻokaʻawale no nā kemika kūpono ʻole.
Ma muli o ka hana ʻia ʻana o nā keʻena me nā mea e hiki ke hoʻokele maoli i kāu mau kemika, ua emi nā pōʻino, nā hoʻomaʻemaʻe wikiwiki, a me nā keʻena e mau ana no ka manawa lōʻihi. Lilo ka palekana i mea maoli, hilinaʻi, a kūikawā i ka hui me kahi hopena kū hoʻokahi.

Hopena: Pono ka palekana nui i nā keʻena nui
ʻO nā ʻāpana keʻena kahiko kahiko, e like me nā papa i ʻinoʻino ʻia a hōʻino ʻia, mālama ʻia e nā hui palekana he nui ma ke ʻano he kōkua aʻo. Hōʻike lākou i nā limahana hou i ka maʻalahi o ka hāʻule ʻana o nā hoʻolālā maʻamau: nā keʻena hoʻokahi e paipai ana i nā pōʻino, ka metala i ʻinoʻino ʻia, a me nā pā ninini i nalowale. I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, lilo nā keʻena maʻamau i mea nui o nā hana o kēlā me kēia lā: kōkua nā keʻena i hōʻailona ʻia i nā nānā wikiwiki ʻana i ka waihona; neʻe nā ʻāpana ʻōwili me nā laina hana, a kūpono nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi i nā labs paʻa. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia lākou no ka mea kūlike lākou i ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana o ka ʻoihana, no laila ʻaʻole lākou e noho wale ma nā kihi.
Eia kekahi, aia i kēlā me kēia keʻena hana maʻamau maikaʻi kahi mea hana e kaʻana like i kou hopohopo no ka palekana o kāu poʻe hana. Hoʻokumu lākou i ka hilinaʻi ma mua o nā pahu kila wale nō. E hilinaʻi ʻaʻole e ninini ka keʻena, e pili pono ia i nā lula, a e hoʻohana kāu hui iā ia no ka mea kūpono ia i kā lākou mau pono. Kūkulu ʻia kahi wahi hana palekana ma luna o kēlā hilinaʻi.