I te whakamahinga o ngā transistors me ngā ara iahiko whakauru me te whakaitiiti i ngā momo wāhanga me ngā taputapu, kei te whanake haere hoki te hanganga o te kāpata ki te huarahi whakaitiiti me ngā poraka hanga. I ēnei rā, ko ngā pereti maitai angiangi, ngā kōtaha maitai o ngā āhua whakawhiti-wāhanga rerekē, ngā kōtaha konumohe, me ngā momo kirihou hangarau e whakamahia whānuitia ana hei rauemi kāpata whatunga. Haunga te whakarewa me te hononga tīwiri, ka whakamahia hoki e te anga o te kāpata whatunga ngā tukanga here.
Ko te nuinga o tā mātou kamupene he kāpata tūmau, he kāpata e mau ana ki te pakitara, he kāpata whatunga, he kāpata paerewa, he kāpata tiaki waho atamai, me ētahi atu, me te kaha i waenga i te 2U me te 42U. Ka taea te tāuta i ngā wira me ngā waewae tautoko i te wā kotahi, ā, ka taea te wetewete ngāwari i ngā tatau taha maui me te taha matau me ngā tatau o mua me muri.
